Hypothetico deductive research is a kind of scientific research method that combines forming hypothesis with Deductive reasoning. It plays very important role in testing theories and hypotheses. Comparative to other research methods, it is more versatile as it is commonly used to all scientific disciplines, whether it is social science sociology, or natural science physics. Further, it is strongly associated with qualitative research. Considering its role in providing solid systematic framework for scientific inquiry, its thoroughly understanding is utmost essential.
Hypothetico deductive research: meaning and examples
Though hypothetico deductive research is a systematic research method but it differ from that of empirical research. Empirical research totally relies on observation and experiences to gather data to seek to develop explanations and theories.
On the other hand, hypothetico deductive research starts with hypothesis, then make prediction based on deductive reasoning, and, further, it collects data through observation. After thoroughly data analysis, the given prediction is tssted. If the prediction is tested by available result or data, the hypothesis is confirmed; else, whole process is repeated with different prediction.
This is why it is called cyclical research process. Because, it goes on developing hypotheses and testing. According to cambridge.org, it has at least two parts: hypothetico and deductive part. In hypothetico part, theory or hypothesis is proposed to test. And, in deductive part, test consequences are drawn from the hypotheses.
Example of hypothetico deductive research
Suppose you are a doctor and you are treating a patient having digestion issue. First of all, you will think that it might be due to something eaten wrong. It may be spicy, oily or acidic. So, you consider the hypothesis that it may be due to wrong food or food habit it is causing indigestion. Then you decide to test whether it is same causal factor or otherwise.
On the basis of this hypothesis, you predict that the patient will recover soon if he takes antacid and avoid spicy, oily or heavy food.
Accordingly, you prescribe antacid tablets and other supplement to the patient as a primary experiment. If the patient recovers well, then it is fine because your hypothesis is confirmed and you can instruct the patient what to do nowonwards.
But, what if he is not showing any recovery despite following everything doctor suggested. Obviously, your first prediction become wrong and so the hypothesis is refuted. In this case, you can reject your earlier hypothesis and try next one. This cycle goes on till the patient responds properly. This is the beauty of hypothetico deductive research method. But, what if it fails to find correct answer even after many attempts? Definitely, it is going to pose a challenge as well.
Understanding steps in Hyppothetico deductive research
The origins of the hypothetico-deductive method can be traced back to early scientific thinkers, notably René Descartes and Karl Popper. Descartes emphasized the importance of deductive reasoning in the pursuit of knowledge, while Popper introduced the idea of falsifiability, positioning it as a critical criterion for scientific theories.
This philosophical underpinning has shaped the methodology’s application across various disciplines, asserting that hypotheses must be framed in such a way that they can be empirically tested and potentially disproven. Important four stages of hypothetico deductive research process:
Identification of hypothesis from source
The initial stage involves hypothesis formulation, where researchers propose a testable statement based on existing theories or empirical observations. This hypothesis serves as a foundation for further investigation and is crucial in guiding the research direction.
Generate prediction from the hypothesis
Here, you can recall the example above given. There the doctor predicts that the patient will recover soon if he takes antacid and avoid spicy, oily or heavy food.
Use experiment to check prediction
This stage involves collecting quantitative or qualitative data through various techniques such as surveys, experiments, or observational studies. The collected data must then be meticulously analyzed using statistical methods or qualitative analysis tools, allowing researchers to determine whether the hypotheses are supported or rejected.
It is essential that researchers approach this analysis with objectivity, as drawing conclusions that align with preconceived notions can lead to flawed interpretations.
Hypothesis is confirmed or rejected
Here, if a hypothesis is supported, further research may be conducted to explore related questions. In contrast, if the hypothesis is not supported, it prompts researchers to reconsider their assumptions and investigate alternative explanations.
It serves as a fundamental framework within the scientific community, facilitating the generation and testing of hypotheses across various fields, including both natural and social sciences. This approach allows researchers to formulate specific predictions based on general principles, enabling systematic investigation and empirical validation. The significance of this method lies not only in its ability to advance knowledge but also in fostering a deeper understanding of complex phenomena.
Difference between empirical research and hypothetico deductive research
Both are important research processes having major differences in theirs approaches. Let’s see in detail.
Empirical research is more broader research framework and hypothetico deductive research is part of it.
So, empirical research uses various research methods like qualitative, quantitative Or even mixed research methods.
Hypothetico deductive research uses quantitative research methods only. Because, it is more specific and follow more structured research process.
Empirical research gathers data to support or refute claim. Its purpose is to develop theories. On the other hand, hypothetico deductive research tests specific hypothesis.
In summary, the hypothetico-deductive research method plays a crucial role in the scientific process, underscoring the importance of hypothesis formulation, empirical testing, and validation. Its adaptability and relevance in various disciplines ensure its continued importance in scientific inquiry and knowledge advancement.
https://philosophy.hku.hk/think/sci/hd.php