Adverbs have many roles to play. They are used to describe an action; to indicate circumstantial elements like when, why, where, of action happening; and to describe quality of adjectives. Apart from these, adverbs also used to connect two clauses, phrases like conjunction. Such adverbs we call “conjunctive adverbs” Through ‘explanation of conjuctive adverbs’, you will learn how to use them in sentence formation and expression.
The sky was too cloudy; therefore, the game didn’t begin on time.
Alex is so intelligent;moreover, his handwriting is awesome.
Stray animals damaged his crop; consequently, he fenced it properly.
Grammatically, if we connect two separate sentences by placing conjunctive adverbs, it is essential that both sentences should be related to each other. So that meaning is matched between them.
Conjunctive adverbs are kinds of words used as both adverbs and conjunctions. They combine two clauses (independent clauses) and two phrases. They also used to show cause effect relationship between two clauses.
Classification of conjunctive adverbs
1.Conjunctive adverbs of time
2.Conjunctive adverbs of cause or effect
3.Conjunctive adverbs of Sequence
4.Conjunctive adverbs for emphasis
5.Conjunctive adverbs for summarise
6.Conjunctive adverbs for addition
7.Conjunctive adverbs for results
8.Conjunctive adverbs for illustration
9.Conjunctive adverbs for comparison
Most of the adverbs act like conjunctive words. Besides, conjunctions are also play the role of conjunctive advebs and vice versa. As I mentioned earlier that they join two independent clauses. In the forthcoming articles,I will discuss about clauses.
In order to present argument, show comparison, or make contrast between two expressions, we often use such connectors. While using such connectors, you need to pay careful attention to punctuation marks. Semicolon and comma are used to separate conjunctive adverbs from rest of the clauses.
Hereon, I’m going to explain in detail all the conjunctive adverbs one by one with suitable examples.
Usages and examples of conjunctive adverbs
Conjunctive adverbs are certain types of adverbs with connecting properties. Like similarly, likewise, on the other hand, conversely, however, nonetheless are some frequently used examples of Connecting or conjunctive adverbs. As they have linking or connecting properties. Therefore, they are known as linking adverbs as well.
And most importantly, conjunctive adverbs are used to form compound and mixed sentences. Because, these sentences are formed by using independent clauses.
I. Conjunctive adverbs of time sequence
In order to express the time sequence between two ideas or things, Conjunctive adverbs of time we use.
Finally, First,
Henceforth, Meanwhile,
Next, Now,
Then, Thereafter,
Meantime,
Afterwards,
Here onwards,
Hereafter,
Now onwards,
II.Conjunctive adverbs of Cause and effect
Simply put, when conjunctive adverbs play the role to connect two separate ideas or sentences with cause effect relations.
Accordingly,
As a result,
Consequently,
Hence,
Therefore,
Thus,
III.Conjunctive adverbs for contrast
Conjunctive adverbs for contrast connect two ideas with contrasting viewpoints.
Anyway,
Rather,
Regardless,
On the Contrarily
On the other hand,
However,
Nevertheless,
Notwithstanding,
Nonetheless,
Yet, still,
Whereas,
Instead, in contrast,
Conversely, while, else, etc.
“He was so ill. Nevertheless, he appeared on time”.
IV.Conjunctive adverbs of comparison
If you compare two statements either by placing period or semicolon between two sentences or clauses, conjunctive adverbs of comparison plays there vital role as connectors.
Such adverbs show the general comparison between qualities, characteristics, nature, or amount of two things.
Comparatively,
In comparison,
likewise,
Similarly,
Usually,
Alternatively,
Equally
Rohan passed his exam by reading NCERT textbooks. Similarly, his brother, Ashok too, started reading same NCERT textbooks thereafter.
V.Conjunctive adverbs of result
As a matter of fact that conjunctive adverbs of results have two types. One shows expected results while other unexpected.
In expected results, conclusion preciously follows the claim stated earlier in main clause. It is like argument.
Accordingly,
As a result,
Therefore,
Hence,
Thus,
Consequently,
In conclusion.
“In recent times, she gained weight. As a result, she lost most of the movies”.
“Jenny was poor in Russian language. Thus, she hardly enjoyed the movie”.
VI.Conjunctive adverbs for adding information
Though not like alternative conjunctions but in similar manner, certain conjunctive adverbs are used to add extra similar information to earlier stated clauses or sentences.
Additionally,
Also,
Besides,
First/second/third..
Further,
Furthermore,
In addition,
Incidentally,
Moreover,
Most importantly,
VII.Conjunctive adverbs for condition
Generally, conditional sentences are formed by subordinating conjunctions or adverbial of condition.
If,
On condition that,
Provided that
Otherwise,
Else, or.
Supposingly,
In case.
“Follow the schedule regularly. Otherwise, you may get negative result”.
“She should reach on time. Else, she would lose her seat”.
VIII.Conjunctive adverbs of emphasis
In order to put more emphasis on the second sentence on the basis of earlier condition, Conjuctive adverbs for emphasis are used.
Indeed,
In fact,
Of course,
Definitely,
Surely,
Undoubtedly,
Obviously,
Unequivocally.
IX.Conjunctive adverbs for summarise
In order to express the given information in the concise manner, Conjunctive adverbs for summarise are used. Take a look at the following list.
In other words,
In conclusion,
To conclude,
In sum,
In summary,
Briefly,
Merely,
Quickly,
Simply,
In simple terms,
In short,
X. Conjunctive adverbs for Illustration
To make given analysis more emphatic and vivid by presenting more examples, Conjuctive adverbs for Illustration are placed. Here are some examples:
For example,
For instance,
Namely,
Typically,
Representatively,
Such as,
As like.
Last words on conjunctive adverbs,
Conjunctive adverbs play role in connecting two separate ideas, sentences, statements, or clauses. Such adverbs can be used at the beginning, in middle or at the end of the sentence. Grammatically, punctuation marks are placed before adverbs or later depending on the nature of statements.
If we are connecting two separate sentences, period is used. But, in case of clauses, semicolon is enough. Contrast, comparison, results, addition, conditions, emphasis are some of the examples of conjunctive adverbs we use frequently. This is all about explanation of conjunctive adverbs. Parts of Speech: elements of Sentence
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctive_adverb